2011年12月31日 星期六

A Career in Accounting: Tips on How You Can be Successful

In any type of businesses, an accountant is needed. You have to consider that accounting is basically the language in business and having enough knowledge about accountancy is essential for businessmen and women to know how their business is doing. This is why accounting professionals are very much in demand today. And, a lot of certified accountants have become quite successful in their field and some have even started their own business.

The great thing about this career is that it will enable you to interact with all levels of business and you will also learn a lot from it.

So, just what does it take to become an accountant and follow this career?

First of all, you need to know about the eligibility in becoming an accountant.

You need to be a graduate in a 4 year bachelor's degree in accountancy or any related field. Aside from this, an accountant should be able to have good analytical and technical expertise in business syste ms. Good mathematical aptitude is also a must-have for accountants. And, because computers are now one of the most used medium in computing, you should also have knowledge and the operating skills of a computer.

Another requirement is that you will need a bachelor's degree with a minor in another subject. This should be taken from an accredited college or university in order for you to apply for Master's in accounting.
You can also pursue this career if you had your course in accounting over distance learning programs or through the internet.

Also, you will need an accreditation or license of certain organization, such as being a CPA should have a license by the STA or the State Board of Accountancy.

Most companies also require that you should complete a number of semester hours as well as work hours, which are considered for a 4-year bachelor's degree. If you become a public accountant, you will be taken as a trainee. You will usually start your career as a junior internal auditor or as cost accountant.

It is recommended that you should have a master's degree in business administration or an MBA because it is preferred by more companies who are looking for accountants as part of their employees

The great thing about pursuing accountancy as a career is that it presents a lot of career opportunities. For example, you can get a job as auditors or accountants in government offices or in private companies even if you do not have any license.

During the course of your career, you can even get promoted to a position, such as the chief financial officer position which presents a lot more great opportunities for your career.

You can also work in the legal office. You can work as an auditor, a financial officer, a budget analyst, a management accountant, and even as a tax accountant. Most companies that are looking for tax accountants will prefer accountants with legal background.

Forensic accounting is another promising career for accountants. Here, you will investigate crimes, such as fraud in company's finances.

If you have a knack for teaching, you can teach a subject related to accountancy in college. This is a great career option and many accountants feel that this job is really fulfilling.

Just remember that in this profession, you have to start slow. If you are just beginning a career as an accountant, try to start as a trainee and work your way up to the career path that you want to take.

Accounting or accountancy career is a very promising career that presents a lot of great opportunities. You can be sure that you will find the right career that you want if you take this type of career.


0

2011年12月30日 星期五

How To Have A Successful Career in Accounting

In any type of businesses, an accountant is needed. You have to consider that accounting is basically the language in business and having enough knowledge about accountancy is essential for businessmen and women to know how their business is doing. This is why accounting professionals are very much in demand today. And, a lot of certified accountants have become quite successful in their field and some have even started their own business.

The great thing about this career is that it will enable you to interact with all levels of business and you will also learn a lot from it.

So, just what does it take to become an accountant and follow this career?

First of all, you need to know about the eligibility in becoming an accountant.

You need to be a graduate in a 4 year bachelor's degree in accountancy or any related field. Aside from this, an accountant should be able to have good analytical and technical expertise in business systems. Good mathematical aptitude is also a must-have for accountants. And, because computers are now one of the most used medium in computing, you should also have knowledge and the operating skills of a computer.
Another requirement is that you will need a bachelor's degree with a minor in another subject. This should be taken from an accredited college or university in order for you to apply for Master's in accounting.

You can also pursue this career if you had your course in accounting over distance learning programs or through the internet.

Also, you will need an accreditation or license of certain organization, such as being a CPA should have a license by the STA or the State Board of Accountancy.

Most companies also require that you should complete a number of semester hours as well as work hours, which are considered for a 4-year bachelor's degree. If you become a public accountant, you will be taken as a trainee. You will usually start your career as a junior internal auditor or as cost accountant.

It is recommended that you should have a master's degree in business administration or an MBA because it is preferred by more c ompanies who are looking for accountants as part of their employees

The great thing about pursuing accountancy as a career is that it presents a lot of career opportunities. For example, you can get a job as auditors or accountants in government offices or in private companies even if you do not have any license.

During the course of your career, you can even get promoted to a position, such as the chief financial officer position which presents a lot more great opportunities for your career.

You can also work in the legal office. You can work as an auditor, a financial officer, a budget analyst, a management accountant, and even as a tax accountant. Most companies that are looking for tax accountants will prefer accountants with legal background.

Forensic accounting is another promising career for accountants. Here, you will investigate crimes, such as fraud in company's finances.

If you have a knack for teaching, you can teach a subject related to accountancy in college. This is a great career option and many accountants feel that this job is really fulfilling.

Just remember that in this profession, you have to start slow. If you are just beginning a career as an accountant, try to start as a trainee and work your way up to the career path that you want to take.

Accounting or accountancy career is a very promising career that presents a lot of great opportunities. You can be sure that you will find the right career that you want if you take this type of career.


0

2011年12月29日 星期四

Careers In Accounting


Dr.L.Lakshmi

INTRODUCTION

Accounting is the study of how businesses track their income and assets over time. Accountants engage in a wide variety of activities besides preparing financial statements and recording business transactions including computing costs and efficiency gains from new technologies, participating in strategies for mergers and acquisitions, quality management, developing and using information systems to track financial performance, tax strategy, and health care benefits management.

There's a lot to get out of a career in accounting. Perhaps most important: You will learn how business works. The field of accounting offers stimulating and challenging work that is constantly evolving. Because accountants spend a lot of time looking under the hoods of businesses they really learn how business works. It's no surprise that many successful players in business began their careers as accountants. It's also no surprise that most Chief Financial Officers of large corporations have a background in accounting. An accountant is perfectly positioned to become a CFO because he or she probably has the best understanding of what drives business and profits in a company.

Audit: Work in audit involves checking accounting ledgers and financial statements within corporations and government. This work is becoming increasingly computerized and can rely on sophisticated random sampling methods. Audit is the bread and butter work of accounting. This work can involve significant travel and allows you to really understand how money is being made in the company that you are analyzing. It's great background!

Budget Analysis: Budget analysts are responsible for developing and managing an organizations financial plans. There are plentiful jobs in this area in government and private industry. Besides quantitative skills many budget analyst jobs require good people skills because of negotiations involved in the work

Financial: Financial accountants prepare financial statements based on general ledgers and participate in important financial decisions involving mergers & acquisitions, benefits/ERISA planning and long-term financial projections. The work can be varied over time. One day you may be running spreadsheets. The next day you may be visiting a customer or supplier to set up a new account and discuss business. This work requires a good understanding of both accounting and finance.

Management Accounting: Management accountants work in companies and participate in decisions about capital budgeting and line of business analysis. Major functions include cost analysis, analysis of new contracts and participation in efforts to control expenses efficiently. This work often involves the analysis of the structure of organizations. Is responsibility to spend money in a company at the right level of our organization? Are goals and objectives to control costs being communicated effectively? Historically, many management accountants have been derided as "bean counters". This mentality has undergone major change as management accountants now often work side by side with marketing and finance to develop new business. Tax

Tax accountants prepare corporate and personal income tax statements and formulate tax strategies involving issues such as financial choice, how to best treat a merger or acquisition, deferral of taxes, when to expense items and the like. This work requires a thorough understanding of economics and the tax code. Increasingly, large corporations are looking for persons with both an accounting and a legal background in tax. A person, for example, with a JD and an CPA would be especially desirable to many firms.

PLACES WHERE ACCOUNTANTS WORK

Public Accounting Firms: Public Accountants work in partnerships which provide accounting services to individuals, businesses and governments. The largest, high-profile public accounting firms are known as the Bix Six and dominate the field of accounting. This field offers advancement potential to audit manager, tax manager or partner reached by only two to three percent of new hires.

Government: Government accountants may work at the local/state level or the federal level and administer and formulate budgets, track costs and analyze programs. This work can have high impact on the public good but can also get political and is subject to bureaucratic obstruction. Government accounting offers advancement in most organizations to controller and possibly to higher administrative positions. Places which hire heavily at the federal level include the Department of Defense, the General Accounting Office and the Internal Revenue Service.

Corporations: Corporations big and small typically have an accounting group which prepares financial statements, tracks costs, handles tax issues, and works on international transactions. The work is exciting and offers tracks to audit manager, tax manager, cost accounting manager and controller on the accounting side or to manager of financial planning and analysis and Treasurer on the finance side.

Solo: A time-honored form of employment is to become a CPA and hang out your own shingle. This form of work requires you to generate your own business, but has the benefits of offering close customer contact, a high degree of independence and, depending on how good you are, high financial rewards. This work can be risky but puts you in the midst of community affairs.

ACCOUNTING: SKILLS AND TALENTS

Accounting offers superb career opportunities in many different contexts. The field is normally divided into three broad areas: auditing, financial/tax and management accounting. The skills required in these areas differ as follows:

Skill Audit Accounting Tax & Financial Management Accounting

People skills Medium Medium Medium

Sales skills Medium Medium Low

Communication skills Medium Medium High

Analytical skills High Very High High

Ability to synthesize Medium Low High

Creative ability Low Medium Medium

Initiative Medium Medium Medium

Computer skills High High Very High

Work hours 40-70/week 40-70/week 40-50/week

NATURE OF ACCOUNTING

Accounting is very team-oriented: You will usually start as a junior member of a team responsible for auditing an important account or preparing financial statements. It is important then that you enjoy working as part of a team and that you learn to do so in your education.

You've got to Surf Waves of Innovation: The field of accounting has seen constant technological and intellectual innovation in recent decades. Firms are implementing new electronic systems for submitting and preparing financial statements. And ways of tracking costs have improved with the introduction of techniques such as activity-based costing.

Cultivate Your Network: It's important to have a good network of business contacts in consulting as you progress. New business development becomes part of your job. As your classmates rise in their respective business areas it is important to stay in touch with them as they may become your future customers.

ACCOUNTING JOBS IN INDIA

Accounting jobs -Delhi: Search for accounting jobs with Delhis leading online careers network and find everything you need to manage your career development. The future is bright when you search for accounting jobs in Delhi with jobsahead.com. Jobs Ahead is a lifelong career network job seekers can use to manage their careers. The site provides access to the most progressive companies, as well as interactive personalized tools to make the process effective and convenient. Features include: My Jobs Ahead resume management, a personal job search agent, a careers network, expert advice on job-seeking and career management, message boards and free newsletters. Todays competitive environment means you have to give yourself the best possible chance of being noticed by prospective employers.

Accounting jobs- Mumbai: By activating your confidential resume on jobsahead.com, you are ensuring maximum exposure to employers for accounting jobs across Mumbai and throughout the world, including government employment opportunities. With more than 10 million job seekers worldwide, we connect the most progressive companies with the most qualified career-minded individuals. Jobs Ahead is committed to leading the market by offering innovative technology and superior services that give job seekers and employers more efficiency and control over the recruiting process. Get expert career advice from career and industry experts and network with other Jobs Ahead Members on the Job Seeker Board. Our experts can help you identify your strengths and provide ongoing career advice designed to help you achieve your accountancy career goals.

Access the latest career resources and improve your salary negotiation skills. Learn how to succeed in an interview and find accounting jobs in India or overseas before you leave home. Subscribe to Jobs Aheads monthly newsletter, research prospective employers, get in-depth information about certain industries and ask industry experts your career questions. Whatever your career goals are right now, jobsahead.com can assist you in finding a great job and provide you with the advice and information you need to succeed. So give yourself the best chance to find the best accounting jobs in India and get your resume onto Jobs Ahead, where employers are searching for candidates now.

Accounting as a profession holds its roots back to the early days of human civilization. Its one of the oldest professions that have ever existed. With the recent phenomena of globalization taking hold of the world economies, accounting jobs India has made their presence felt in the corporate sector. It has again made its way up to the top jobs category. Accounting jobs in India are among the most sought after jobs. Every small, medium and large corporate house is on the hunt for efficient accountants. If you have it in you, fat pay-packets are there for the grab.

ACCOUNTING FIELDS: If you are interested in making it big in the accounting profession, you may try various options. Colleges offer bachelors degree in commerce with specialization in accountancy or finance. A B.Com Honors degree is all what it takes for a well paid job. There would be at least one institute in every small town that provide specialized trainings and crash courses to prepare you with some practical demos for accounting job. Once you pass out with flying colors, getting a job of your liking isnt a big deal.

A company accountant is trusted with duties like:

Setting up an accounting system

Preparing the annual audit

Filing the annual tax return of the company

Help in company secretarial work

Provide interim help with preparing accounts or book-keeping

Running the companys payroll

Advice in corporate finance

The accounting discipline offers the following accounts jobs:

Accountant

Accounts Executive

Financial Accountant

Cost Accountant

Chartered Accountant

Accounts Manager

Taxation Manager

SCOPE

If you thought that the scopes with this profession lie only with corporate houses, you arent probably aware of the bigger picture. Accounting has its applications in the following sectors, which also offer number of opportunities to qualified accountants, such as Schools, Colleges, Universities, Government organizations, NGOs, Small, medium and large scale commercial units.

Financial Jobs: Financial Jobs, the source for professional careers in banking, accounting, corporate finance and investment. Browse this site for open positions accounting & financial jobs, entry level jobs in finance, corporate finance jobs, banking finance job, financial job search, financial job listing, finance manager job, finance director jobs, and real estate finance jobs.

Accounting Jobs: Accounting and financial jobs site that has openings in disciplines like Accounting & financial job USA, finance jobs in Canada, healthcare finance jobs, finance executive jobs, MBA Finance jobs, financial jobs in Dubai, auto finance jobs, finance jobs in UK etc .Accounting has always had an image problem, stuck in the public consciousness as a profession populated by math geeks who love crunching numbers but little else. While this stereotype may have been accurate at one point in history, it no longer presents an accurate picture of what the career is like. While the basic mechanics of accounting can certainly become tedious, such functions are increasingly becoming automated, with accountants focusing more on analysis, interpretation and business strategy.

In fact, accounting has been rated one of the most desirable professions available. According to the 2002 Jobs Rated Almanac, "accountant" was the fifth best job in terms of low stress, high compensation, lots of autonomy and tremendous hiring demand. Furthermore, the National Association of Colleges and Employers' Winter 2002 Salary Survey ranked the accounting services industry first among the top five employers with job offers for graduating college students.

There are several other financial services that offer good career prospects. These include costs and works accountancy, chartered financial analysis, financial planning, investment planning, business finance, merchant banking, foreign exchange dealing and so on.

Cost and Works Accountancy: This specializes in stabilizing budgets and standards, evaluating operational efficiency and the effectiveness of production and service management, formulating the profile planning programme, guiding managerial decisions, identifying accountability for cost and profit variance, and thus rendering valuable assistance to the management. The Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India (ICWAI), New Delhi, provides training in this area. It has several branches all over the country.

Chartered Financial Analysis: This is basically an additional qualification for financial executives. A financial analyst's areas of expertise include corporate finance, which deals with management accounting and financial management; investment management, which includes aspects of economics, quantitative techniques, economic legislation and security evaluation; and financial services, which cover project planning, merchant banking services, portfolio management, venture capital, leasing, hire, purchase, new issue management, credit rating and other allied areas. The ICFAI is the premier institution for this programme. Some business management institutes also offer this course.

Financial Planning: Financial planning is required mainly in the financial services sectors of banking, insurance and investment advisory services. The International College of Financial Planning, New Delhi (with branches in Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore and Hyderabad) provides training in certified financial planning. The Institute of Financial and Investment Planning, Mumbai offers a diploma course in financial and investment planning.

Business Finance: This is a specialization which not only includes aspects of conventional auditing and accounting but also as vast range of activities like fund raising, foreign exchange, treasury management, investment banking, money market operations and broking. The Department of Financial Studies, University of Delhi (South Campus) offers a master's degree in finance and control essentially to commerce/economics graduates. The Indian School of Finance, New Delhi offers a master's in business finance.

CONCLUSION

Thus accounting offers a variety of job opportunities to the students in different fields. There are many institutes offering divergent courses on accounting to update their knowledge and improve their skills.

-------------------------------------------------


0

2011年12月28日 星期三

Careers in Accounting Can be Very Rewarding


Accounting is the study of the way businesses keep track of their income as well as their assets over a specific period. There are several things on can easily learn from choosing one of the careers in accounting. One of the most important lessons in learning the ways businesses usually work. Most people are not aware of the fact that most successful businesspersons were accountants who later wanted to open a business of their own. The main reason is that accounting is actually a business language. A system accumulates and measures the following:



a) Business activities


b) Transformation of information into reports


c) Communication of output to the management of top level



If you think that these are not many options under the category of Careers in accounting, you are wrong. You would be amazed to know that there are endless opportunities in accounting career.



Here are some of the Careers in accounting:



a) Public practice: This is an amazing career opportunity in the field of accounting. This can be adopted as a starting of ones career. One can easily practice as a public accountant. Public accountants need to render many services with a fee. They are adept in coordination or work in collaborations. This is the best way to offer accounting services to a lot of individuals, private businesses as well as governments. Here, it is extremely important for the public account to be certified. This will allow him or her to practice freely and proficiently in one of the management advisory services or as individually. There are several duties a public accountant requires to undertake such as taxation, auditing and management advisory services. Public accounting is one of the best opportunities to obtain a good amount of business experiences. The best part is that all these experiences are mu ltifaceted.



b) Education: Most of the accountants are hired as reviewers, researchers or professors. These professionals ensure consistent development of the profession via making great efforts to clear out and face issues via making efficient research and then distributing the results obtained thereafter.



c) Commerce and industry: An accounting group is extremely important for any corporation irrespective of its size. This group contributes towards preparation and organization of financial statements. The group also keep good tab of costs and takes good care of tax issues and work on global transactions. With good practice and hold in the field of accounting, one may also be hired as vice president for the finance department of a corporation.


d) Government service: Accountants hired for government service are supposed to work either for local, state, or federal level. An accountant in government service put the budgets together, then keep good track of all the government cost, and thereafter analyze the governments programs.



The above-mentioned are just a few opportunities that you can avail under the category of Careers in accounting. All you require to do is to master yourself in this field and earn as much as you desire.


0

2011年12月27日 星期二

Deciding to Start a New Career in Accounting

Accounting is a great career that offers many benefits. Today it is high in the popularity and preference chart among students and counted as one of the few fields that offer many job options and some great opportunities to work. One of the key advantages that you can gain from accounting is the experience and skills you learn while working in the accounting field. The field helps you learn how businesses operate in an ever evolving field and this learning not just aids you in the field of accounting, but even helps you understand and learn how to organize or run your own business effectively. Even if you sooner or later leave a career in accounting by chance and enter any other field, your experiences from accounting can still mean a lot and can surely be more beneficial.

It is one of the few fields that offer stimulating and challenging work, which is constantly evolving day by day. As an accountant, you could be primarily involved in various roles, depending on y our actual title and for whom you. Some of the duties that you may require to perform can include:

Budget Analysis- As an accountant, you may you require developing and directing various fiscal plans for the private or government entities.

Management Accounting- At times, you may require to get yourself involved in management accounting, and so your responsibilities may include making an effective decision regarding business analysis and capital budgeting.

Corporate Tax Strategies- As an accountant, at times you may even require preparing the corporate or personal tax strategies.

In addition to these, the other major key feature of a career in accounting is the great salary. In fact, during your initial years of accounting you can easily earn almost fifty-five thousand dollars a year, and once you gain or cross ten years of your career in accounting, your salary may even reach up to six figures.

From being able to work in a professional setting either for a large corporation or the government agencies, the profession also provides some key features that you can never find in other professional careers. As an accountant and being employed by any public accounting firms you may travel frequently to perform audits at client's places of business. Today along with many other advantages of accounting, it is not that amazing to see many people and students are planning to get into an accounting fiel d. Thus, if you are too among those who are looking forward to making a career in this field then a minimum requirement that you must have at least a two-year degree in accounting or finance. Attaining a two-year degree in accounting can help you get into the most basic entry-level positions. Though, the federal government generally asks for a four-year degree along with twenty-four credit hours of accounting for entry-level positions.

Many other positions in accounting call for a graduate degree in accounting or a degree in business administration with an accounting prominence. However, if your ultimate goal is to be a comptroller, which is generally considered as the managerial yet key positions in the finance department of every business firm, in that situation you may require pursuing a master's or doctoral degree.Nevertheless, the key point to note is that while you enroll yourself in any accounting school always tries to take the benefit of any opportunities for accounting internships that you are offered. Besides providing you with valuable job experience, these internships can help you in deciding the type of accounting that can be most fascinating to you.

Always remember, starting a new career in accounting is the start of a great adventure. All it takes is a little preparation but a good amount of study that in turn ensures you have a successful accounting career.


0

2011年12月26日 星期一

All you ought to know about Patent Attorney

A patent attorney is an attorney or lawyer who represents clients in obtaining patents. He has the specific qualifications required to protect the interests of his clients in all matters relating to patent law and practice.

In the United States, there are patent attorneys as well as patent agents. A Patent Attorney in Los Angeles has the license to practice before the Patent Office which is part of the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The Los Angeles Patent Attorney can represent clients, file and prosecute patent applications, provide legal opinions on patentability and file complaints and oppositions. The same applies to a Patent Attorney in Ventura.

To be a Patent Attorney in Los Angeles in the United States, certain specific qualifications are required:

A Patent Attorney, Los Angeles has to be a US citizen.

He should have a good moral character and reputation.

He should already be admitted to a state or territorial bar.

To be a patent attorney, a practitioner must pass the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office registration examination, commonly known as the Patent Bar'. This examination tests a candidate on his knowledge of patent law and the legal policies of the U.S. Patent and Trademark office and as set down in the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure'. If the candidate passes this examination, he is called a Patent Attorney. Those who are not admitted to a bar and are law students or graduates are called patent agents; they cannot represent clients in court.

To be a Patent Attorney, Los Angeles one must have the technical knowledge to understand the clients' requirement. He should have a bachelor's degree, with a major in subjects like physics, chemistry, biology, biochemistry, computer science, engineering, and the like. Candidates having degrees in subjects like philosophy and social science are not eligible to apply.

Functions of a Patent Attorney in Ventura and in Los Angeles:

They can advise a client on the rules relating to the licensing (patenting) of the product they have invented or their intellectual property.

They can make appeals to the patent court, file oppositions and sue for infringement. They can decide on the course of action when someone is infringing on the rights and claims of their client's issued patent. They can also identify when their client is infringing on the claims of someone else's issued patent.

The patent attorney is also admitted to practice law in a state or territory. So, other than his duties relating to patentability, he can provide additional legal service outside the patent office.

A patent attorney not only specializes in patents but also in trademarks and licensing. A Trademark Attorney Los Angeles will work to protect and register their clients' trademarks. The Trademark Attorney in Los Angeles provides a full range of trademark services: he will help his clients to select the appropriate trademark for their businesses, do extensive research for the availability of trademarks, file trademark applications with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and also take appropriate action in case of infringement of trademarks.


0

2011年12月25日 星期日

Rationale Why Tax Attorney Is Important

There are a lot of tax professionals that you can ask for help in dealing with the Internal Revenue Service as well as your tax problem however a tax attorney can be the most valuable that can be useful on your plight and can handle you case against the Internal Revenue Service. Getting the service of a tax attorney is easy to fine but finding the right one can be difficult. Here are some of the few rationales why tax attorney are important and necessary:

Trust between tax attorney and his or her client. Hiring a tax attorney that you can trust enough to tell him or her everything about your finances. Any secrets or talk between you and your tax attorney should be remained confidential. Your tax attorney must protect the trust that you have given to him or her no matter what circumstances and he or she should not use it against you. Specialize in tax law. A tax attorney can be valuable if he or she has the specialization in tax law in which he or she can use for your tax problem to the Internal Revenue Service. Tax law can be too complicated to familiarize with but to have a tax attorney that has the expertise in tax law can be effective and efficient in handling your tax problem. With the tax law that are being amended every now and then and a lot of individuals does not aware of; a tax attorney is a must in dealing with the every changing tax law in our country. Knowledgeable and experience tax attorney can be useful in dealing with the Internal Revenue Service and their system. The Internal Revenue Service can be intimidating when it comes to collecting taxes and a tax attorney that has the experience in handling such case can be a big plus. A tax attorney can also be valuable if he or she has the knowledge in getting updates of the new tax law that which he or she can apply to your taxes. An excellent tax attorney can find the best alternatives for your tax problem so that you can rest without the stress and can put the end to your problem to the Internal Revenue Service. He or she can advice you on what to do if the Internal Revenue Service use any tactics in order to collect more money for your taxes. A tax attorney that can help save time, energy and money in getting the resolution to your tax problem as soon as possible. Proceedings can take a lot of time and money but to have the best tax attorney can resolved them as quickly as possible without having any complication to your problem to the Internal Revenue Service.

Getting the service of a tax attorney can be pricey but if he or she can give you some peace and a stress free from the Internal Revenue Service then it is worth the money spend and time to be able to fix your tax problem to the Internal Revenue Service.


0

2011年12月24日 星期六

5 Steps to Getting the Best Tax Attorney

Whether you're a business owner or a regular old Joe needing the assistance of a tax attorney, you need to be ready to invest some time into finding the one that's right for you. Tax attorneys not only have special training, but good tax attorneys also have extensive experience interacting and negotiating with IRS auditors. The job of an IRS auditor is to get as much money as legally possible from you so that the government can have it. They are relentless and often intimidating, so if you find yourself the subject of an audit, you should immediately find an advocate in the form of a tax attorney. Here are five steps to getting the best tax attorney to work for you.

1. Find a tax attorney with experience. Find out what kind of formal education she has and what kinds of certifications she has. How long has she been a tax attorney? Another important factor to research is whether or not she has worked for the IRS in the past. Former IRS agents are invaluable as t ax attorneys, and if you have the opportunity to hire one to represent you, you should take advantage of it. Tax attorneys who have worked for other financial authorities are also valuable, so if you can't find a former IRS agent to work for you, find someone who has worked for another large financial authority.
2. Find a tax attorney with quality education. The minimum degree that your tax attorney should have is the LLM in taxation (Master's of Law in Taxation). This is evidence that the attorney completed at least one year of study in tax law. Ideally, you should find a tax attorney who not only has an LLM, but who is also committed to continuing education in the field of tax law. This is critical since tax laws change regularly. One way to find out whether a tax attorney is well-versed in tax law is to conduct an internet search for articles about tax law that this person might have published. This is an indicator that the tax attorney is potentially an authority in the area of tax law.

3. Find a tax attorney that specializes in the issue you're facing. When you interview a potential tax attorney, tell him your unique situation and ask him if he has ever handled a similar situation. While the attorney is prohibited from sharing identifying details about other clients, engage him in a conversation that provides ample evidence for you to determine whether or not he has enough experience with your type of situation to help you effectively.

4. Find a tax attorney who is a skilled communicator. Part of a tax attorney's job is to negotiate with the IRS agent on your behalf. This means that the attorney needs to return phone calls promptly and conduct himself in a professional manner. He should be clear and articulate, and should be able to discuss your particular case in terms that you can understand. If your potential attorney has difficulty expressing himself or doesn't communicate with you in a prompt and professional manner, move on to the next candidate.

5. Find several attorneys from which to choose. When you're on the hunt for a qualified tax attorney, don't put all of your eggs in one basket. Get several different recommendations from friends and family members, or from other business owners who have been audited in the past. Part of managing an audit is timeliness, so if your first choice of attorney doesn't pan out, you don't have time to start a new search from scratch. You should already have a list of three or four and be ready to pursue interviews if your first few aren't going to be able to do a good job for you.

Choose your tax attorney wisely and you'll be pleased with the results!


0

2011年12月23日 星期五

An IRS Tax Attorney Well Suited for Your Tax Debt

The first thing to carry out is inquire about the type of cases the tax attorney deals with. It may very well be personal income tax or charity tax problem as well as business tax or estate tax issue. If you're experiencing issues with personal income tax, select the expert on this issue. Aim to find if the attorney handles federal legislation only or if the lawyer deals with state taxes at the same time. You additionally will need to know if the tax attorney has expertise in working with tax difficulties in multiple jurisdictions. The length of time that the tax attorney has been in the business of solving IRS back taxes issues is also crucial. His records should also include his success rate in the cases he's dealt with. You should also take not if he offers any guarantee when you present your case. Do backgrounds check with the Better Business Bureau. More than twenty complaints mean that you should steer clear of that tax attorney. You can also request for a background check from his previous clients. If he is reluctant to set you up with one, it is better to drop him. Lastly, make sure that the estimate of fees and charges is made clear at the beginning of your transaction. Beware of hidden costs and fees.

An IRS tax attorney is definitely an authority who is able to deal with you in any event to barter the cheapest settlement deal achievable or to obtain the inaccurate amount of taxes recalculated. A tax attorney is a consultant who is able to guide taxpayers with any tax dilemma like bank levy, back taxes, wage garnishment, liens, IRS blunders, and excessive penalties.

If you're dealing with any kind of tax associated difficulty like, IRS back taxes, you'll want to rely on experts simply because dealing with this kind of complex situations are almost not possible for any common person. It is possible to rely on IRS tax attorneys if you encounter IRS problems and would like to acquire IRS tax relief. Skilled lawyer s can provide efficient assistance to resolve the legal troubles. Working with an IRS tax attorney is the easiest method to eliminate dilemma rapidly. Using an IRS tax attorney in your favor could be good for you in lots of ways. Read on for some factors that make tax attorneys fundamental in acquiring IRS tax relief.
Although it might appear like common sense, don't just settle for the any tax attorney you can find. In matters like these, it is frequently advised that you do not select a cheaply-priced tax attorney since that is the quality of service you will acquire. Instant Tax Solutions can help you with any type of IRS tax problem. Our IRS Tax Attorneys & IRS Enrolled Agents will negotiate a favorable settlement. Instantly resolve your IRS tax debt problems and celebrate your freedom.

The IRS tax attorneys can evade the tax problems from the level where the problem hasn't even been raised. Since an IRS tax attorney knows what all activities on the part of the entrepreneur can set off tax related issues, he or she in fact advises the entrepreneur from doing such things and consequently helps in forbidding all the tax problems. The position of these tax attorneys is correspondent to that of an accountant since they are calculated to be as essential as the other.

Get a hold of a veteran tax attorney to be familiar with ways to correct your IRS tax issues. Tax attorneys can assist you to overcome your IRS tax setbacks. By using a cut-throat tax relief company as well as many years of working experience right behind you, you will get precisely what is vital to get hold of tax comfort.

This particular holds true that tax legislation transcends all colors. IRS Tax lawyers can lead you through the gray parts. These people can assist you to realize the actual indecisiveness. They are able to additionally translate what the law states to your benefit.

The US authorities give you countless tax help courses that hopefully will enable the taxpayer to make up for the over due IRS tax owed. Trying to pay back the actual entire IRS back taxes dues is probably not any possibility meant for your household should you be some sort of a troubled taxpayer with a massive IRS tax debt. In actual fact, you may be thinking it is such an overpowering economic barrier you'll by no means be certain to take control of.

In giving the qualifications of every tax settlement, the IRS has an established set of methods. A tax attorney or tax professional does not only negotiate for you but also hold you updated with your continuing tax case and the advantageous claims you are competent for so you would have a sensible supposition in resolving your tax problem. You should be mindful of what your feasible tax settlement alternatives are.

Despite the fact that tax attorneys are not really CPAs and are also rarely active in the technique of submitting your taxations with the IRS, they are often indispensible in assisting you to stay away from long term tax traps which may lure the interest of the Internal Revenue Service. They aren't just devoted to checking up on the constant alterations of tax laws and regulations; they're also pretty good in supplying recommendation when putting toget her your enterprise, trust resources, stock portfolios, and so forth. Don't jeopardize the opportunity of long term tax issues when they could be averted by signing up a tax attorney.

Financial Audits. This is actually the most apparent explanation behind working with a tax attorney. When you are exposed to an audit, the IRS has observed an issue with your tax return. Regardless of whether you put together your taxes yourself or employed an individual to get it done for you, the time has come to engage an IRS tax attorney. Tax attorneys can assist you to browse through the audit procedure and can negotiate in your part.


0

2011年12月22日 星期四

Tax Attorney Q&A

MoreTax Attorneyquestions please visit : LawyerFreeFAQ.com

If i give temp power of attorney to someone over a 17 y/o minor can i still pass them contained by my taxes?
i have custody over a 17 year old minor and give temporary power of attorney to the people she is residing next to, am i still able to carry her surrounded by our tax forms. please and thank...

If I Have Power of Attorney, How Do I Sign Someone's 1040 Tax Form?
What do I write as a "signature"? Do I write "Susan Doe by John Smith, Attorney in Fact"? You sign your name on the tax form. Not as the preparer. You should include a copy of the POA unless it is already on directory with the IRS....

If I hire a due attorney, will this hitch the IRS contained by taking collection travels, such as placing a lien?
I owe about 8000 and can pay surrounded by a couple of months when I sell my house. you should be able to ring up the IRS rep you've been speaking with an tolerate them know abo ut that. Let them...

If the CPA and attorneys close an estate and verbs everything and state here are no taxes are they liable?
if they come back six years later and utter there are? The girls father passed away and they gave her everything and have the father in a bunch of LPs and transferred part to her, but did not verbs the liabilibty....

I'm penetrating for an attorney that would insist on me on what to do give or take a few my taxes, and mortgage payments.?
My home depreciated in value by $20,000.00, but my mortgage payments go up over $650.00. Can someone out there help me out? My designation is Oscar. This is the loan you chose, so you obviously knew it...

In Texas, is in that a statute of limitations for the Attorney General to directory suit to collect unpaid sale export tax?
The State Comptroller didn't get the LLC's final 2 sales export tax reports, so they made up a "determination penalty" and sent it up to the AG's office for collection or lawsuit. It was never file and the sales...

In your view whats worse. A stripper or a due attorney?
Why? An attorney. charge man The job titles alone enlighten me not enough... Tax attorney! Q. Why is god better than a attorney? A. God doesn't think he's an attorney! LOL http://www.total-knowledge.com/~willyblu Source(s): me & my hatred of lawyer! Obviously a stripper. Niether. Neither...they both hold good points I guess...
Income Tax? form 8453-ol if signing it beside a power of attorney...?
Do I sign the name/poa and send it in or do I sign name/poa and attach a copy of the poa to this form? Attach a copy of the POA. (I doubt you own a 2848 already on file that gives you say-so to sign tax documents.)

IRS obligation attorney for taxes repay?
received a notice to repay but do not understand when HR block did my taxes, and I did not recieve my returns until Oct 2008 You don't requirement a tax attorney unless you are charged with a crime. Take your stuff pay for to Block and have them look through it. The most common grounds...

IRS agents and duty attorney's/lawyers request for information?
If your a IRS agent that deals with income toll. How come you continue to screw people next to making them pay a tax that isn't required to be remunerated. And if your a tax attorney/lawyer. Why do you help your clients deal/pay income taxes when they don't even enjoy to. What I...

IRS final Tax Relief Attorney?
I keep seeing these commercials making the people on them look approaching the victim of IRS harassment and sympathizing beside them. Aren't they in that situation because they blatantly disregarded filing their taxes? How does the program/lawyer serve work? YES, and IRS is strictly limited in what they can do. They are chasing these population because...

IRS say I owe, my excise attorney say I compensated my due import tax..?
on a complex tax matter . Legal fees would be equal or greater than the amount contained by question to fight it, so I looked-for to do a offer in compromise to trade name the problem go away, but attorney won't pay "Blood Money". I'm caught surrounded...

IRS tariff attorney CPA culture, when would an Appeals Officer verbs a suitcase wager on to the originate functi on?
Under what circumstances is an Appeals Officer likely to transfer a luggage back to the originating function? Dear J: Not sure where you are surrounded by the Appeals process, but one thought that comes to mind is if Fraud is suspected. Only...

Is an Attorney General required to tender duty payers information about law that effect their work?
I am trying to conduct a canvas in the state of Michigan. I represent a non-profit firm. We are doing community outreach and also planning on soliciting some small donations from our neighbors. I have e-mailed our attorney general to determine the authenticity of solicitations...

Is an attorney needed to place a import tax lien on your home?
No, usually the government places a tax lien on a home. An attorney wouldn't usually place the levy lien on the home. If you need more info on tax liens, check out this site: http://www.taxsalewealth.com. It explai ns the total tax lien process exhaustively, and even provides a breakdown...

Is attorneys fees considered a non import tax federal debt?
i have a outstanding attorney bill that i have not remunerated off yet and it say for the stimulus rebate that if you have any out standing non tax federal debts they will use that money to payment on that. Is Attorneys fees considered a non tax federal debt? "> No,...

Is it improper for an attorney and cpa to read aloud the taxes are ok and they are not?
When the original person pass away they then come back and state they "found" a problem, even though the person(s) brought that up earlier and were told no. Then they state there is a problem, but still own done nothing to resolve...

Is it surely crucial to win a Bachelor's surrounded by Accounting to become a successful charge attorney?
I am soon graduating with a point in Economics an d taking an upcoming LSAT. I am interested in a work in tax ruling so I was wondering if this bachelor's degree is at adjectives necessary. To do Law , You must have completed any...

Is power of attorney over an inmate essential to button their taxes?
My fiance is currently incarcerated but I handle all his financial wishes. Do I need to have a financial power of attorney contained by order to cash his tariff return? I only ask because he needs his return but doesn't want to enjoy that large of a balance on...

Is Steve Moskowitz contained by San Francisco a apposite attorney for export tax backing, gratitude?
I am wondering the same thing so I did for a while research and found this on the rip off report site http://ripoffreport.com/searchresults.asp?q1=ALL&q2=&q3=&q4=&q5=&q7=&q6=steve moskowitz&searchtype=0 I am sure evryone has 2 sides to every story but it doesnt look well-mann ered. I am considering Jeff Kahn. I have a...

Isn't a toll attorney a sleazy profession?
They lobby for an income tax so they can litigate on the tax law that they create. Also if the government was acting in it's limited constitutional functions and following the entire Bill of rights a income tax would not be needed and 16th amendment would not concern. Not if your are trying to...


0

2011年12月20日 星期二

Questions to Ask Before Hiring a Tax Attorney, CPA or Tax Resolution Specialist to Solve Your IRS Tax Problems

Finding a tax professional to solve your tax problems is like the end ofIndiana Jones and the Last Crusade. Make the right choice and all your wounds will be healed. Make the wrong choice and youll be turned into a screaming shriveled skeleton. Whether its a tax attorney, certified public account or certified tax resolution specialist (CTRS), its important to choose your tax representative wisely.

If youve got tax problems, like delinquent tax returns, back taxes, payroll taxes or other tax collection or audit issues, your first instinct may be to open up the yellow page or Google or ask around for recommendations. Great, now youve got some names, but how can you find the right expert to give you the IRS help you need?

To avoid paying a high hourly rate unnecessarily, go through this tax attorney/CPA/tax resolution specialist interview checklist first. This checklist will help you weed out the tax relief scammers, as well as the merely inept attorneys and CPA s out there who will leave you with their high fees, your original tax debt, plus additional penalties and charges.

Print out this article and ask the following questions.

Before you face a tax attorney or tax resolution professional, first look in the mirror to get a handle on your tax problem.

Are you looking at personal income tax issues (you are an innocent spouse or a victim of tax fraud), business tax problems (such as unpaid payroll taxes, sales taxes), estate taxes, foundation or charity tax issues? Are you dealing with just federal or state taxes too? Do you have tax problems in multiple states or jurisdictions? Does the IRS know about the issue yet or have you just discovered it? Did the IRS contact you but youve buried your head in the sand hoping it would go away? Are your records a shambles? Can you attempt a true reckoning of what happened? Has the IRS come to your home or place of business? Has the IRS demanded an i n-person audit? Has the IRS garnished your wages, put in tax liens or seized any property?

Answering these questions will help you decide what kind of tax help you need.

When you get tax problem resolution professional recommendations from friends, you need to compare apples to apples. While a CPA will have a cheaper hourly rate than a great tax lawyer, they cant do what a good tax lawyer can. A great CPA can put your tax records in order so you can get a true accounting of the historical road just travelled, but they probably shouldnt take you into battle with the IRS because they dont spend all their time negotiating tax resolutions the way specialized tax professionals do. You need someone who battles the IRS for a living, who has learned the latest laws and knows all the secrets to helping resolve your tax problem.

Thats why some tax resolution firms offer a team of expert tax professionals to help you get the best possible outcome for your tax settlem ent. So before you rack up those high hourly charges, you need to make sure you are talking to the right tax professional who can do the job for you. You will be hiring this tax attorney, so treat your initial consultation as what it should be, a job interview.

Questions to ask a tax attorney, CPA or certified tax resolution specialist:

About the firm:

1. How long has they been in business solving IRS problems? The longer they have been handling negotiations with the IRS the better. A lawyer or CPA firm may just do tax law on the side and not be dedicated to knowing the ins and outs of IRS negotiations.

2. How many tax attorneys do they have on staff? (Some firms are only CPAs, some are nothing but former IRS agents, some are straight law firms with only one or two tax attorneys). If you dont do tax resolution day in and day out, you dont know all the loopholes, tricks and tools. Look for someone who is a certified tax resolution specialist, they have to take a special exam and have a number of years of experience and continuing education in this field. There are only about 200 in the entire country who actually do this as a living.

3. What is their success rate with tax cases? Dont take a generic number here. Ask about the success rate for cases like yours. Dont expect a perfect score. For example in most cases the Offer in Compromise is a starting offer. Only about 2% are immediately accepted by the IRS. The more important number is comparingcases like yours. What is the total dollar amount negotiated in settlements divided by to tal dollars in tax, interest and penalties owed? In short, how much did these tax attorneys save their clients?

4. Do they offer a guarantee? Run away if they do. No one can guarantee anything.

5. Does the law firm or tax resolution company want all the money up front? If they do, run. Once tax professionals have your money, they have no incentive to go the extra mile for you. If your tax attorney, tax resolution specialist or CPA wants some "good faith money" thats fine.

6. Do they give you a high pressure sales pitch? If they are pushing that hard, thats a warning sign to stay away. In many cases when you get a sales pitch you are talking with a salesperson, not a tax attorney or tax resolution specialist who can help you.

7. Check out your potential tax attorney or tax resolution firm with the Better Business Bureau, but keep in mind the volume of people the company serves. If the company has 20 complaints over three years but has served 5,000 clients in that time, thats a 0.4% failure rate, or said differently a 99.6% satisfaction rate. Even that can be misleading because the BBB only tracks complaints, not resolutions. Even if the client got a full refund and 100% satisfaction, the client cant withdraw their complaint once it is filed with the BBB. You could also Google their name with the words complaint, rip-off and scam. And if they are a tax attorney, check with your states bar to see if they have any complaints against them.

8. Ask for the names of the people who own the law firm or tax resolution company. If your contact is elusive on this, run. Bottom line, you need to know who runs the show. You need the name of the owner, NOT the senior tax attorney. If your IRS case goes south or the tax attorney handling your case is a problem, you need to know exactly who you can complain to or who to seek redress from.

9. Find out the name of the tax attorney or tax resolution specialist who will be ta king your case. Find out how quickly they respond to your inquiries. Do they answer their phone or email promptly? Ask for references of satisfied customers for that specific tax attorney or tax resolution professional. (Given the confidentiality of tax resolution work, a personal reference for a tax attorney might be hard to come by.)

10. Does the tax attorney or tax resolution firm have experience in multi-jurisdictional issues? Because the IRS is a federal agency, there are three people permitted to practice before the IRS. You have to be an active licensed member of the state bar, a certified public accountant actively licensed or an enrolled agent. No matter where they live, they can represent the taxpayer before the IRS is all 50 states.

11. Will this tax attorney or tax resolution specialist go with you to an in-person audit? Although 90% of tax resolution work is done over the phone, electronically or via FedEx, sometimes you need a tax attorney to lite rally hold your hand in an audit. But dont choose a tax attorney just because they have an office near your home. An accident of geography doesnt mean they are the right tax attorney for the job. In many cases a national firm such as ours can make sure you never have to darken the door of an IRS audit.

12. How can they help you if the IRS wants to come to your home or business?

13. Is the firm just a tax form filler? Just because they prepare a lot tax returns doesnt mean they are ready to battle the IRS. There are a number of tax resolution and tax attorney scams that do nothing but type up an Offer in Compromise and just mail it to the IRS. Thats all the service these tax attorneys provide. These companies are at best, a waste of time and money and at worst, a one-way ticket to big trouble.

14. What are their prices? Dont be penny-wise but pound-foolish. Dont just lock onto a tax attorney or tax resolution firms low price. Look for value and the number of services you get. Will this tax attorney or tax resolution professional give you preparation of all IRS forms, all backup documentation, and all negotiation with the IRS?

When you meet or interview your tax resolution specialist or tax attorney ask them:

1. Where did this tax attorney or CPA go to school for tax resolution? How current are they (how much continuing education is this tax attorney taking)?

2. How long has this tax attorney or tax professional practiced tax resolution, not straight tax law but real battle with the IRS for tax resolution?

3. What percentage of their jobs are tax problems like yours?

4. Who is their direct supervisor? What is their contact information?

5. Does the individual tax attorney, CPA or tax resolution specialist have references?

6. What is his/her personal success rate? (How many Offers in Compromise settlements have been accepted and what was the negotiated amo unt owed versus the initial amount of taxes owed and penalties? In short, how much has this individual tax attorney or tax resolution professional saved clients? How does this tax attorney or tax resolution specialist compare to the rest of the firm: above average or below?)

7. What sorts of releases for tax liens, levies, etc. have they achieved? How fast?

8. What sorts of penalties (like mine) have this tax attorney/ tax resolution specialist gotten waived?

9. What sorts of installment agreements in situations like mine has this tax attorney or tax resolution professional negotiated and what was the payment schedule?

Once you are convinced you have found the tax attorney or tax resolution specialist that can help you, youll feel like youve found the Holy Grail. Choose wisely.

For more information on achieving a tax resolution for your IRS problems or back taxes, visit www.taxresolution.com for a free tax relief consultation or call 866-IRS-PROBLEMS.


0

2011年12月19日 星期一

Tax Attorney Questions & Answers

MoreTax Attorneyquestions please visit : LawyerFreeFAQ.com

A friend from prison desires me to sign for his income taxes check is that possible lacking power of attorney?
A very bad view. He can sign for it even if he's in prison. I would stay away from a convict. He'll "con" you. That's why he's in in that in the first place. A lot of crooks in prison maintain...

After looking over my export tax form, I deliberate I involve someone to explain to me where on earth I can draw from a GOOD excise attorney?
There are none, Good luck. Just surender...it's no use... Try the phone book under "attorneys" The words GOOD , TAX, and ATTORNEY can not be used in the same sentence it's the imperative !...

Al Sharpton owes 1.9 million surrounded by rear taxes. NY attorney standard turned papers over to Feds.?
What is the status of this probe? I'm sure he thinks he doesn't hold to pay taxes because his great great grandmother and her family be discriminated a gainst. You can bet your last dollar, that according to sharpie, there is nouns involved at all...

An attorney common who pardon a rates evader. A treasury secretary who IS one. Is this the Hope or the Change?
Well it is a coppers, that is for sure. The Attorney General nominee didn't pardon a tax evader. At the time he be general council to the president. Clinton presented him with a inventory of potential pardon candidates an Holder...

Any attorneys out in attendance? Tax lien situation whereby IRS have garnish wages to the point of poverty; remedies?
This info is for a freind whom has consulted w/ an atty. and stated that the only opportunity is a settlement. This party does not have the money for a settlement nor satisfactory assets to sell off to erase the import tax...

Any attorneys out in that? Tax lien situation whereby IRS have garnish wages to the point of poverty; remedies?
This info is for a freind whom has consulted w/ an atty. and stated that the only opportunity is a settlement. This party does not have the money for a settlement nor satisfactory assets to sell off to erase the tariff liability....

Any H&R Block excise preparers or an attorney who can answer ask re: non-solicitation agreement?
As an H&R Block tax preparer, if I give my phone number out to clients and articulate, "Call me next season and find out where I am" is that a ruin of our non-solicitation clause? (I live in California). If I then swing out my own...

Anyone know a fitting cpa or attorney contained by lincoln ne who is upright helping next to several yrs of put money on taxes ? Dear Kool: I will newly confirm that I do not believe you need an attorney (tax fraud or evasion maybe an exception) or CPA. An Enrolled Agent or any of the import tax prep companies should...

Anyone know of a correct duty attorney contained by San Diego, CA nouns?
We are in need of a angelic tax attorney in the San Diego, CA nouns. Someone with knowledge of delinquent payroll taxes at the federal and state plane. You may want to talk to a CPA or Enrolled Agent before you see an attorney. There is a guy...

Are attorney fees for collapse levy deductible??r=1254504423?
Only the portion, if any, that is for preparation of tax returns. To be deductible, attorney's fees must be any for the preparation of tax returns or for services related to the production of taxable income. Fees for a liquidation are not for either of those services so they are not deductible.

Are attorney fees for estate wo rk due deductible for the deceased's widow?
Spouse died in 2006. Are attorney fees for setting up the trust documents, retitling assets to trusts, meeting beside the PR, POA and Trustee tax deductible for the survivor? No, but the ARE deductible by the estate if the estate is large enough to hold a tax liability. Yes....

Are attorney fees rates deductible for civil lawsuit?
I am the plaintiff in a lawsuit and have a decision against the defendant. However, I am now out of money and can't afford to hire an attorney to force the collection. Our judicial system is screwed up. Can I get a import tax deduction on attorney fees that total $20K? Even though...

Are attorney's fees toll deductible?
I was recently awarded a settlement, from which my attorney be also paid. Can I deduct these attorney's fees from my taxes? Nope.... sadly ample Depending on what the settlent was for, souch as a personal inj ury, the amout, itself may not be taxible. If it be business realted and taxable, then the expenses are deductible....

Are due attorneys expensive? ?
my house foreclosed 5 years ago. I was homeless until i remarried a year ago. The irs kept 20,000 of my husband's income tax return against it and I call them and they say I owe 14,000 more. Would it be worth it to call duty attorney? why would I owe taxes on a foreclosure? If...

Are lawful fees for attorney rates deductible?
My husband is military and we have spent $9,000 so far on a civilian attorney to fight to hold my husband's job...it's still not over, so probably will cost at least another $5,000, and unsure of what the outcome will be. Attorney's fees for preparation of charge returns or for advice on the production...

Are my attorney fees levy deductible?
My employer dragged me through a long legal battle over my work performance. I hired an attorney and accumulated 2,300 is attorney fees. Are those fees charge deductible? Attorney's fees are not tax deductible since they are duplicate as if you'd gone out and bought something. Richard is incorrect. If the suit was for wager...

Are the export tax nouns attorneys for solid?? can I really rate pennies on the dollar?
we have a tax lien on our home. we hold alot of equity as well but can not refinance becasue of the lien - we would refinance an d pay bad the tax lien if we could Keep in mind that at hand are 100...

Are the Kennedy clan and their charge attorneys giving elevated fives adjectives around for avoiding inheritance taxes again?
... as they use trust funds instead of being "patriotic" enough to wages inheritance taxes? ---- source: Joe Biden and hard working middle class Americans No. Aren't you charming. If you are under some grand misapprehension where you think t he Kennedy's are the...

Are you lively beside your art as a duty accountant or a rates attorney?
I am very interested in taxation and I would similar to to know from present or previous tax professionals how was near experience? Providing your educational background would be greatly appreciated, and giving your insight in the region of the field will be helpful. I would close...

Attorney get us a 785,000 what do we next to hold for tax's?
WHAT SHOULD MY WIFE AND I WITH HOLD FOR TAX'S What type of judgement was it? Also, what you have to settle up may depend on your other income and deductions. $50,000.00 R E W A R D Is offered to anyone who can show me the...

Attorney-subchapter s corp, income export tax?
Can a sole practioner, attorney, benefit from filing a S corp for income tax purposes? By using an S corporation, the shareholder can avoid quantity of the FICA tax liabili ty that would otherwise have to be remunerated. There is no savings in income taxes by using an S Corporation instead of a sole proprietorship. A...

Besides CPAs, Attorneys & enrol agents, who else can by imperative represent a export tax payer since the IRS?
Representation; including but not limited to filling taxes and unloading refunds on behalf of a taxpayer. my understanding is that one and only an enrolled agent can represent a taxpayer during dealings beside the IRS in-person. At this time anyone can prepare...

Best agency to become a duty attorney?
I am an undergraduate in accounting with an interest surrounded by going to law school to become a import tax attorney. Should I simply major in business control, which is easier than accounting, to boost my GPA to increase my chances of being official into law school? Or should I stay contained by accounting,...


0

2011年12月18日 星期日

Tax Attorney Q&a

MoreTax Attorneyquestions please visit : LawyerFreeFAQ.com

Can a physical estate attorney back me report a 1099c if my home be forclosed on to avoid individual tax by california
No. A Form 1099C is filed by the LENDER involved, informing you and the IRS of the amount of money you 'gained' by not paying off the mortgage within full as agreed. As of late last year, Congress and...

Can anyone recommend a devout Iranian CPA/Tax Attorney contained by California, conversant going on for 1031 Exchanges?
I have an Iranian client, badly surrounded by need of tax suggestion, uncomfortable with any but his own countrymen. As he is have to place trust in me in spite of this, I want to donate him the best service possible by finding this...

Can anyone recommend a GOOD toll attorney within the Atlanta nouns?
I would look on Kudzu.com. I narrowed the search down to Tax attorneys...give it a shot. Source(s): .....

Can anyone recommend a p erfect levy attorney surrounded by Houston, TX?
We are in deep doo near the IRS. They have notified us that they own an "Intent to Levy" and are notifying us of our right to a hearing. We own heard we should submit an "Offer to Compromise" but have no instrument of knowing how much to offer or...

Can I borrow a cup of sugar and a tax-law attorney?
Sure, but single if you tell me how to make a center piece, I enjoy a match and toilet paper and some olden tax receipts You can borrow the sugar but I don't know any tax-law attorneys sorry! I will represent you however for a couple mill! :) Would you...

Can I bring my hubands taxes backbone since I be the power of attorney, even if he owe more than the amount is?
He owes alot more than what we were supposed to get fund but since he is in prison, and i had to do them by man his power of attorney, would we get something? no. the irs will...

Can I bring someone to a due audit? such as an attorney?
If you did your taxes yourself, you need no-one If someone else did your taxes, transport them. Be honest with the tax man, no advocate can help. If you did something wrong , own up to it. Answer all the question honestly, don't try to hide anything, be helpful...

Can I claim the $1800 on my toll return that I spent this year on my attorney? to file chapter 7 bankruptcy as a permitted expense/deduction? Only the portion of allowed fees that are related to taxes can be written off. No. If he showed an amount on his bill separately that be for tax advice, it's possible although not potential...

Can I profile taxes for someone incarcerated, if I enjoy power of attorney for them?
My brother has to file his taxes this year, but he is incarcerated. He said that because I enjoy Power of Attorney over him, that it should be no problem why I could not file for him. I don't understand why he can't do it himself....

Can i record attorney fees as a business due presumption?
I don't believe so. You can file accountant's fees if they be part of your tax return preparation. is the attorney fee relateecstaticour business? if it is, it is deductible on your Sched C (if sole proprietorship) line 17.. In general, attorney fees paid by a business for legal business purposes...

Can I reduce by my personal attorneys fees from my rates bill?
It depends on what they are for. Check out the list below. http://www.irs.gov/publications/p529/ar0 You can usually deduct legalized expenses that you incur in attempting to produce or collect taxable income or that you pay surrounded by connection with the determination, collection, or return of any tax. You can also...

Can I subtract attorney fees from my taxes for work I did myself to collect a debt?
I'm an attorney. I did substantial work to collect over $100,000 in fees. Can I deduct what I would own paid an attorney or my hourly rate? No. Your time is worth ZERO. Only if you report what you would have rewarded as income...

Can i sue my solid estate attorney for grossly beneath estimating the property taxes during the closing?
We bought our place 6 months ago and just got the second partly cook c ounty, il tax bill that is 5k over what we get during our closing. do i have any recourse to sue for the difference from my attorney? Sue for what?...

Can I take off court costs, fines, attorney fees etc on my taxes?
Only if this has resulted in income that you are reporting on the charge return. Read http://taxipay.blogspot.com/2008/04/list You can not deduct fines and court costs off your taxes, but attorney fees within some cases. You would need to talk to a toll specialist to determine if you can....

Can someone recommend a fitting due attorney contained by the Bay Area of California?
The IRS says my friend owes a large chunk of money from 1991 (including interest and penalties). He isn't so sure. Thanks surrounded by advance for your help everyone! This is not a charge attorney kind of issue. At least not even so. You need to know...

Can someone refer me to a well brought-up charge a ttorney contained by California who is experienced contained by doing Offers In Compromise?
And who is reasonably priced or who will accept payments. Thank you! You can also try doing a prod on targetlaw for an attorney. I did a populated search for you. Best thing to do is read a few...

Can someone within california write attorney costs rotten within their taxes for an adoption?
Based upon your question, I will take the long leap and guess your from....California? Anyway, the answer to your quiz is regrettably "NO" Attorney fees are deductable for a business in connection near a business activity and can be offset against income or income gains when incurred...

Can u subtract attorney expenses on ur taxes?
It depends on what you are paying he attorney for. If the attorney's fees relate to determining your taxes, you can deduct them. Fees for writing a will are probably not deductible. Ask the attorney. Compared to whatever else you rewarded for, this should be an inexpensive question. Attorneys' fees incurred in the...

Can you claim attorney fees etc on your income duty?
When i first filed for Chapter 13 bankrupt i be told that the law firm fees will be $2,500 and $90 for the over the telephone financial counselor , for a total of $2,590.00 . My attorney lost the suitcase and said not to worry I'll just re-filed your defence. So...

Can you claim attorney fees on your taxes?
When i first filed for Chapter 13 bankrupt i be told that the law firm fees will be $2,500 and $90 for the over the telephone financial counselor , for a total of $2,590.00 . My attorney lost the bag and said not to worry I'll just re-filed your covering. So i signed...

Can you discount attorney fees for a divorce when file taxes?
Yes. No, although if part of the tax is for tax advice and that slice is stated separately on the bill, then you could deduct that chunk. Only whatever part of the excise, if any, applies to tax return preparation, tax guidance, or advice for the production of taxable income....

Capital Gains Tax - am I liable on verbs of title underneath power of attorney?
I had a power of attorney to handle my mothers affairs after she become mentally unable. I transferred the title of her home to me to prevent her from being exploited (conned into taking out a mortgage etc). 6 months subsequently she died. I distributed the...


0

2011年12月17日 星期六

Tax Attorney Q&a

MoreTax Attorneyquestions please visit : LawyerFreeFAQ.com

Career as a export tax attorney?
is there a market for levy attorneys in the next 10 years? i want to step to law school but within are a lot of law grads that are without a job. would specializing in something specific such as law relieve? There is always a need to CPA's, CPA attorneys, and litigation attorneys. It really...

Claiming attorney fees on taxes?
I hired an attorney for my brother and paid with my money. I hear in attendance is a way to claim this on my taxes is this true? "> false absent special circumstances which you're not suggested exist. All the special circumstances I know of relate to you making income from an investment or business to...

Closing Attorney asking for new levy money after closing!?
I closed August 12. This is the e-mail I just got from the closing attorney: THE TAX BILLS HAVE BEEN MAILED BY FULTON COUNTY. WE HAD ESTIMATED (a) INCOMPLETE. THE TOTAL BILL IS $1712.90. THE SELLER HAD GIVEN YOU CREDIT FOR $214.21 ON LINE 211 OF THE HUD SETTLEMENT STATEMENT. WE HAVE...

Cook county property duty assessment appeals attorney?
Does anyone know a good attorney to handle a residential cook county (illinois) property levy assessment appeal? Don't pay an attorney! You can do it yourself! It's easy. All you call for to do is send in info on similar properties. Get their website bad of their notification to you. You can enter anyone's...

Could an attorney sustain me if I owe $7k within income toll?
i did not claim income in 2005 on money i made during hurricane katrina; noe IRS wants me to income $7 k in taxes. could an attorney help me reimburse less and come out ahead including his/her fees? Not likely. Anything they'd save you on the $7000 would probably...

Could anybody oblige me ,how to win the best immigration attorney within Taxes[esp. for brutality against women]?
Let me take a stab at this one. Are you looking for a lawyer specializing within immigration problems for a person who has be charged with a crime of violence against women that practices within the state of Texas? If that's the case, and...
CPA or Attorney or rates guy? Who is best to provide guidance on LLCs?
I'm interested in learning almost creating an LLC and want to learn the best ways to utilize this business formation. If you want an overview before you do anything consequently go to a CPA. CPAs can give you an thought of what exactly an LLC is and...

CPA or Just a Tax Attorney for a overseas contractor ?
Been overseas for a while and havent filed since 2004. Was Military through 2000-2006. Cant get 2004 and 2005 from the service within doing 2008 :(. So just gonna file what i get. Just trying to get somebody to do them correctly. Dont really have that much time over here...

Currently i owe over $10,000.00 within hindmost taxes , is it best 2 consult an attorney to give a hand settle the debt?
Should i consult an attorney 2 help settle or lower the debt? Is there anything i can do myself to use up the debt, pe nalties or interest? Are those tax lawyer worth whatever they charge? The taxes were...

Do I entail toll attorney - IRS problems?
hi, I got a letter from IRS that i owe them $25,000 from 2007..I have $27,000 worth of shares wich i still own them.now they are saying my income is $87k,and i call for to pay #25,000 tax including pently,and interest.. how much attorney charge roughly?and how long does it pocket to settle...

Do I necessitate a import tax attorney? I relocated to another state contained by December and bought a house.?
Seems like my return should be pretty straitforward, but people are recitation me to go with an attorney - I don't own an "estate" and I don't own my own business. Any thoughts? Thanks in advance!! "> An attorney? That sounds for...

Do I necessitate a tariff attorney for an IRS audit?
I received in the mail an audit from the IRS asking me to e-ma il in some supporting documents for my deductions. I hold the info they want. Should I hire a tax attorney to help beside the audit or will I be ok mailing everything in on my own? Just send...

Do Tax Attorney's File Taxes For You?
I run a small business and need a tax attorney. Do duty attorneys not only advise you but also do your taxes for you? Or should I merely use my accountant to file and the tax attorney for official advise? I'd suggest using the accountant. But remember, the accountant can only endow with you...

Do those commercials for attorneys helping those get rid of import tax debt bug you approaching they do me?
They're on all the time, and I just watch one with a woman who supposedly saved over $1.7 million within back taxes. Now, I don't know about most Americans, but I don't keep watch on those things and go, "Whooowee! That is...

Do you conjecture that taxes should foot for attorneys that anyone can enjoy access to?
Our legal system is so hard to maneuver through if you are not a legal representative. We have the right to an attorney, but not everyone has the qualifications to afford one. You have to qualify for a public defender, and permissible aid doesn't take criminal...

Do you reason a soul who seek legalized and duty direction on this site from non attorneys is an idiot?
Qustion couple of days ago this idiot wanted people to provide him lawful advice in the nouns of Tax Law on the issue of an S Corporation, which I expect he probably intended to follow.and wanted to avoid paying a competent...

Does anybody know any devout due attorneys who will hold on the irs?
Yes. I know quite a number of them. There are duty attorneys who deal with conflicts situations, including administrative appeals, suits surrounded by U.S. Tax Court and suits in U.S. District Co urt or the U.S. Court of Claims, which are the courts that handle matter against the IRS....

Does anybody know of a worthy and acceptably affordable levy attorney surrounded by the Dallas/Ft. Worth nouns?
I've used a tax preparer for the last 3 or 4 years, and I've since cultured that I may owe Uncle Sam something in the area of 10-12k after a program I be advised to participate surrounded by was decided to be invalid by...

Does anyone know a righteous, affordable charge attorney within Manhattan or Queens, NY?
Major IRS problems and I need to talk to a due attorney now. Carl Dashwood. I cannot give his information out on the internet, but he is a totally well respected African American in the Tax attorney Community. Yeah Call him.

Does anyone know a well brought-up levy attorney within the portland or nouns?
Local results for tax attorney near Portland, OR Kell Alterman &a mp; Runstein - 0.4 miles S - 520 SW Yamhill St # 600, Portland, 97204 - (503) 222-3531 Duffy & Kekel - 0.6 miles SW - 1100 SW 6th Ave # 1200, Portland, 97204 - (503) 226-1371 Brownstein...


0

2011年12月16日 星期五

Frequently Asked questions on Trademark - Lawyer, Attorney, Advocate - New Delhi, India

What is the governing law of Trademarks?

The Trademarks Act, 1999 is the governing law of Trademarks which came into effect from September 15, 2003. This new Trademark Act has in effect repealed the old Act, Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958 and Rules there under. The new Act is broadly based on the requirements of TRIPS (Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) as well as the effects of the various judgments pronounced by the courts of India from 1958 till date. This Act, in all respect, is in conformance with international standards. There are far reaching changes in the trademark related issues in India with one of the best and broad protection in the world.

What is Registrable as a Trademark?

A Trademark must be a mark, which includes a device, brand, heading, ticket, name, signature, word, letter, numeral, shape of goods, packaging, or combination of colours or any combination thereof which is capable of represented graphically or in writing; and Capable of distinguishing the goods/services of one person from that of another.

The new definition of Trademark has enlarged the scope of registration and protection of a mark and broadly covers:

Trade Marks Service Marks Shape of Goods Packaging combination of colours

Collective Mark:

Now it is also possible to file application for a Collective Mark in the name of any Associations or Federations and only their authorized members will be allowed to use the same.

Whether a Search of a Trademark is compulsory?

Although not compulsory, it is highly advisable to conduct a prior search to find out any identical or resembling trademarks to avoid any disputes at a later stage.

IT IS ALWAYS ADVISABLE TO CONDUCT A PRIOR SEARCH BEFORE ADOPTING A TRADEMARK

Does India follow NICE Classification of Goods?

Yes. Schedule IV of the new Trade Marks Act, 1999 has adopted the International Classification of Goods (VII Edition of NICE Agreement) divided into 1 to 42 Classes.

Is it possible to claim Priority?

Yes. Since India is a member of Paris Convention and WTO, it is possible to claim priority on the basis of first application filed in any of the member country within a period of six months.

What are the Filing requirements?

I. The Trademark (if not a word mark, 15 prints of the trademark). If colour is to be claimed, prints should be in the exact colour with colour descriptions.
II. Full name and Address of the applicant.
III. Description of Goods/services.
IV. Usage of the mark in India, if any, or intended to be used V. A simply signed Power of Attorney
VI. If priority is to be claimed, date of filing, country of filing and application number. A Certified copy of the Application filed in any Convention Country is to be filed in India within six months from the date of first application.
VII. None of the document is required to be notarized or legalized.

It is to be noted that multi class application for registration of a Trademark is allowed, but the fees have to be paid on the basis of number of Classes included in an application. It is also pertinent to note here that, if the mark in one class is opposed, the applications in other classes will be kept in abeyance till the opposition is decided unless the application is divided by payment of additional fees.

For more details contact the Expert Trademark Attorneys & Lawyers at :

Global Lawyers


0

2011年12月14日 星期三

Los Angeles Patents,Trademarks and Copyrights Lawyer Referral 661-310-7999

The following information regarding Patents, Trademarks and Copyright is brought to you as a public service of 1000Attorneys.com - State Bar Approved Lawyer Referral and Information Service. The material presented is general legal information intended to alert you to possible legal problems and solutions.

Patents are intended to protect inventions of a functional or design nature. Trademarks provide protection for indicators of the source of products and services used in commercial trade, such as words or logos. Copyrights provide protection for literary and artistic expressions. Patents, trademarks and copyrights are collectively referred to as intellectual property.

Patents are granted by the federal government to protect inventions for a limited period of time. There are three types of patents: utility patents, design patents, and plant patents. A utility patent gives the patent holder the right to exclude others from making, u sing, importing, offering to sell and selling his or her invention for a period of 20 years from the date of filing a patent application. A utility patent may be obtained for processes, machines, articles of manufacture, or compositions of matter if the invention meets three basic criteria. (1) It must be useful; (2) it must be novel, in that it has not been previously known by others; and (3) it must be sufficiently different from what was previously known that it would not be obvious to someone having ordinary skill in that field.

Design patents are available for new and original ornamental designs for an article of manufacture. A design patent protects the design for 14 years from the grant of the patent. Plant patents may be obtained for certain types of asexually reproduced plants that do not occur naturally, for example, new varieties of roses.

An inventor may prepare and file a patent application directly with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. However, the availability and scope of protection depend on how a patent application is prepared, so it is recommended that an inventor first consult a registered patent attorney or agent.

At the outset, the attorney or agent may suggest that a novelty search be performed to see if a similar invention has been described in a previously issued patented. If an invention appears to be sufficiently different from what is known to exist, he or she can prepare the necessary papers to apply for a patent.

Utility patent applications include a detailed description and drawings of the invention, as well as claims that legally define what protection is requested. It is possible to file a temporary application, referred to as a provisional application, before filing a regular utility application. A provisional application also must have a detailed description and drawings of the invention, but is not examined. A regular utility patent application that is filed within one year of the provisional application will be treated as though it was filed when the provisional application was filed. A patent attorney or agent can inform you of the advantages and disadvantages of filing a provisional application.

There are strict statutory requirements in the United States regarding the time within which a patent application must be filed after an invention has been publicly used, or sold, or offered for sale. It is important that an inventor be prompt in seeking help in protecting his or her invention. If your invention has been in public use, offered for sale, sold or otherwise commercialized for more than one year before your patent application is filed, the inventor is barred from obtaining a patent in the U.S. unless the inventor can show that the public use was primarily experimental. Other countries have different bars, which are generally much more strict than those in the U.S., so it is best to consult a patent attorney o r agent before you do anything to commercialize your invention or disclose it to others.

The words "patent applied for" or "patent pending" mean that an application has been filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Such notices create no legal rights, however, as patent rights are created when the patent is granted.

A United States patent provides no protection in foreign countries; however, filing a patent application in the United States prior to any non-confidential disclosure of the invention will temporarily preserve the inventor's rights in most foreign countries, so long as applications are filed in those countries within one year after the U.S. filing date. However, so long as inventions are kept confidential, applications can be filed in other countries at any time.
A patent is a property right that may be held for one's own use, sold outright to another, or licensed to others.

After a patent is issued, the federal government does not police the market for violations or infringements. If others infringe the patent, it is up to the patent owner to assert his or her rights.

A trademark is a word, a name, a symbol, a device, a combination of these, or other indicator used exclusively to identify the source of products and distinguish them from oth ers. Examples are "Kodak" for cameras, and "Chevrolet" for automobiles. Service marks are like trademarks, except that they identify services. Examples of these would be "McDonald's" for restaurants, and "Holiday Inn" for motels.

There is a hierarchy of protection for trademarks and service marks. The strongest are coined or arbitrary marks that in no way suggest or describe the product or service. An example is "Kodak" which was a coined or made-up word when first adopted.

Next, and also protectable, are marks that merely suggest the product or service or suggest some characteristic or quality of the product or service.

At the bottom of the list, and generally not protectable, are descriptive marks. Generic terms can never become valid trademarks.

Rights in a trademark or service mark are acquired in the United States by being the first to use the mark in commerce on or in connection with the goods or services. Rights also may b e established by filing an application for trademark registration in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office based on a bona fide intention to use a mark at a later date. A mark is not registered until it has actually been used on a product or service.

It is not necessary to register a trade or service mark. It can be protected under state and federal laws without registration. However, it is beneficial to register the mark, either with the Oregon Secretary of State, or if interstate commerce is involved, with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

When a mark is registered, particularly at the federal level, the registration provides to others notice of the registrant's claim of ownership, and it gives federal courts jurisdiction to hear infringement claims. Once a trademark is registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, it may be accompanied by an "R" in a circle, or by some other notice indicating that it is registered in the U.S. Patent and Trad emark Office.

Before you adopt a mark for use on either a product or service, you should have a search performedto determine if someone else has previously established rights in the same or a similar mark. Again, an attorney may be helpful to you in making such searches before you adopt a mark and in later registering your mark.

Additional information on patents and trademarks is also available at the web site of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, www.uspto.gov.

Copyrights seek to promote literary and artistic creativity by protecting what the U.S. Constitution broadly calls "writings of authors". Copyrightable works include literary works, musical and dramatic works, sculptures, motion pictures and other audio-visual works, sound recordings and computer programs.

A copyright protects only the particular expressions of ideas and not the ideas themselves. To be protectable, a work must be original and it must evidence some crea tivity. Depending on the nature of the work, the owner of copyright has the exclusive right to reproduce the work, to prepare derivative works, to distribute copies of the work, to perform the work, to display the work, and to authorize others to do these things.

Once a copyrightable work has been created and fixed in a tangible form, such as being written down or recorded, it is protectable, whether it has been published or not. If it is to be published, all copies of the work that are published should preferably bear a copyright notice. The statutory copyright notice consists of the symbol of a "C" in a circle or the word "copyright," the year of first publication, and the name of the owner of the copyright. In the case of sound recordings, a "P" in a circle must be used in place of the "C" in a circle. Audio-visual works should bear both the circle "P" and circle "C" indicators.

Copyrights may be registered with the Copyright Office in the Librar y of Congress. As of 1989, it is no longer necessary to place a copyright notice on a work, nor is it a requirement to apply for registration with the Library of Congress, but such notices and filings are strongly recommended to obtain advantages in the event that a copyright is to be enforced in a court of law. For example, registration is still to bring a lawsuit, and the existence of a registration prior to an infringing act may entitle the copyright owner to additional monetary awards by a court.

An individual's copyright lasts for the author's lifetime plus 70 years. A copyright registered anonymously, under a pseudonym or as an entity lasts 120 years from creation or 95 years from the date it is first published, whichever expires first.


0